Extrasolar Visions II
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Extrasolar Visions II

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 A very energetic yet very durable "star". Is that really possible?

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Diakonov
Asteroid
Asteroid



Number of posts : 59
Registration date : 2008-10-01

A very energetic yet very durable "star". Is that really possible? Empty
PostSubject: A very energetic yet very durable "star". Is that really possible?   A very energetic yet very durable "star". Is that really possible? Empty27th September 2021, 9:38 pm

Thought for an optimal system for life, but I think the universe does not have a very pleasant configuration for complex life in the long run. It's not hard to note that the most energetic stars are very short-lived, while the most long-lived ones are very energy inefficient. We end up having an "ideal" configuration for life, between around F8V and K2V stars. These stars are somewhat optimal, have good duration for their main sequences while energetic enough. But to me is still not enough in the long run. The optimal would have to be a configuration in which we had a very energetic source with a very long duration and no type of star in the universe have this, except... If we had one or more stars orbiting a massive black hole at the center!  Shocked

The configuration would have to be be very exact and rare to happen in real life, but I think this would give planets both much energy and a very long lifespan for life. In this case we would have to have, has I said, a central black hole, with at least 100 solar masses, so that the stars and planets orbits would be more stable and circular, in place. Massive black holes can hold much more planets near each other in a system that an ordinary star. The star or stars orbiting the black hole should be slowly being sucked to the black hole, in a way this process should take billions of years, so that the central black hole could produce strong energy through the accretion disk for a very long time, at least enough for complex plants to develop. With time, such star or stars would tend to lose mass so it will never become red giant, so no planet in such system would ever be engulfed or destroyed by such process. Here the stars would only tend to lose mass and energy.

Such stars around the massive black hole should be in the center of the system, while the planets would be more distant to have stable orbits. Such system would form after supernova between two or more deep blue massive stars to form that black hole, a blue and an yellow star in the center, and later a giant and complex planet system. The planetary disk in this case would form away from such stars, orbiting them far away, but some planets might migrate closer. Such system would have enough material to form many gas giants like Jupiter and maybe even a brown dwarf, alongside with many massive and light rocky or icy moons. This system would also be a very metal rich one, very rich in materials such as gold and uranium. The central black hole accretion disk produces a temperature of one million kelvin plus the temperature from both stars near it. In the future such disk will be cooler and darker, but still enough to keep most worlds habitable.

In some billion years the temperature might decrease to half it's total temperature and luminosity and keep in that way for many more billions of years.

But with time most exomoons of this system will tend to have more greenhouse gases, so they will be hotter with time, compensating that.  cheers

A very energetic yet very durable "star". Is that really possible? 50-researchersf
Here we see the formation models for such massive black hole.

A very energetic yet very durable "star". Is that really possible? Scr00000
Space Engine allows me to do such crazy experiments! Rolling EyesLaughing Here we have such system, 2 stars that formed around a massive black hole.

Here these 2 stars were more massive, the first one was an A2V type, being now G2V, while the second, a M2V, was G2V in it's past. Obviously, the first star lose it's mass more rapdly than the second, because of the distance to the black hole. Both are still far away enough to be very durable. The second star in this system also acts in a way that prevents the first star to go very close to the black hole. Because of that both stars will never be very near the black hole, they will always be at a safe distance so that won't be destroyed. In fact the second star is pushing the first outwards, so both stars in time will be farther away from the black hole in billions of years. When that happens, both stars won't be directly sucked. But the accretion disk will continue to exist because it will suck particles from both stellar winds. But in this future situation the accretion disk will be colder and darker, yet energetic enough to still sustain life through the system.

In the future, the G2V star will be M3V and the M2V will be M8V.

As for the worlds themselves... I think planets at all are not very suitable for life in the long run. The best thing would be massive moons orbiting massive gas giants. I say that because planets tend, with time, to lose their magnetic field and become even less geologically active with time. Earth will be dead in some billions of years, such as happened to Mars and Venus in their past. Here in this system, all life are in the more massive moons of each planet. A massive enough planet, say, one with 5 jupiter masses could have large moons capable to sustain life. Such moons will never lose their magnetic fields and will have the parent planet magnetic field, so such moons will have thick atmospheres for very long time and the core will never "die", due to tidal stress. If Europa have life, for example, certainly life there will survive for a longer time than on Earth, because the core of that moon will never cease to generate heat.  Twisted Evil

A very energetic yet very durable "star". Is that really possible? Scr00002
A very energetic yet very durable "star". Is that really possible? Scr00003
Most of the material that went supernova did not go much far away, in a way that formed a very large and complex system around the black hole. The upper image is the inner system, while the lower image is the outer system. Some very far planets in the system were captured rogue planets. An excellent system for life. An excellent system for scifi writers too. Rolling Eyes

A very energetic yet very durable "star". Is that really possible? Scr00004
And finally we have a very habitable exomoon around a huge planet with 3 jupiter masses. This exomoon have 1,53 earth's mass and a dense atmosphere (7atm). It's at a safe distance from the violent stellar winds, at 16 AU from the center of the system, with earthlike insolation (just having more UV insolation). But it has a strong magnetic field and that of the parent planet and also an atmosphere dense enough to protect native life from the strong UV rays. Yes, in some billion years the accretion disk will be cooler and darker, but this atmosphere with time will have more greenhouse gases such as CO2. It will be a colder world, but still a habitable one, along with some other moons from this and other planets. This means... almost immortal worlds that will not freeze anytime soon!  Cool

This system I'm creating will have 20 or more planets. Most of them are gas giants, due to the immense amount of hydrogen in the early disk, but they also have many big moons, because the ancient disk also had much metal and rock. The first planet was a gas giant with mass similar to Neptune, but because it migrated so near the stars it lose it's atmosphere, exposing it's core, now rich in CO2, SO2 and silicate vapor (yes, it rains iron and glass there). The second planet is a very dark red one, almost black, due to it's intense heat and smokey atmosphere. One of it's hellish moons have life based on flexible crystals. The other planets in the region are ordinary gas giant's with many big moons, one of them very similar to Earth in appearance. Farther away there's a brown dwarf energetic enough to heat it's moons, so it's moons are hotter than their distance to the central star suggests. And later we have less massive ice giants and rocky/icy worlds with liquid methane and nitrogen. One of the last planets is a captured gas giant with a moon so close to it that acts as a small sun, illuminating the other moons and much more...

The name of the that black hole? It's Magnus!

It's location is... Andromeda galaxy! Where in there? Somewhat RA, somewhat Dec and somewhat Distance. But it's somewhere near the center of that galaxy.

Well, let's say this system is the answer I found to have a planet system with a very energetic and durable source of light and heat. The question is... Is this the only way or may exist other ways to have planets near a very energetic light source like that of blue stars that will also long for many billions of years as happen in red dwarves? Is that even possible? Laughing Laughing Laughing Laughing Laughing Laughing Laughing
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